cohesion

Test

Part 1 1 How often do you use the internet? 2 Do you think it is better to send an email or a text message? 3 What do you use a computer for? 4 What is your favourite item of technology that you own? 5 In your country, do most people study science at school? Part2 Describe an invention that has been very important in your life. You should say: • where you first used it • how you use it today • what you plan to use it for in the future and explain why it has been so important in your life. Part3 1 In the near future, we may see the first driverless cars on the roads. Are there any potential dangers if this happens? 2 As more and more people are becoming victims of on line crime, is it time for everyone to stop conducting all their business over the internet? 3 How important is it for governments to invest in space travel? 4 Do you think that people fully appreciate and value the technology that is available to them today?

linking expressions

  1. Adding information

    1. and
    2. also
    3. in addition (to}
    4. furthermore
    5. moreover as
    6. besides on the
    7. finally

  2. Comparing things

    1. above all
    2. a lesser reason (a reason of secondary importance)
    3. last but not the least
    4. however
    5. especially
    6. but
    7. whereas
    8. while
    9. as opposed to
    10. on the other hand
    11. despite
    12. in spite of
    13. nevertheless
    14. yet
    15. similarly
    16. likewise
    17. essentially
    18. in a like manner
    19. unlike
    20. in contrast to {what I have said}

  3. Comparing time

    1. while
    2. meanwhile
    3. at the same time
    4. concomitantly
    5. concurrently
    6. during
    7. simultaneously
    8. at this point
    9. to begin with
    10. first, Last
    11. first, second, third
    12. afterwards
    13. then
    14. subsequently

  4. Summarizing

    1. to clarify
    2. overall
    3. all in all
    4. altogether
    5. on the whole
    6. in brief
    7. in general
    8. in short
    9. in summary
    10. to summarize
    11. in conclusion
    12. as has been said

  5. Illustrating a point

    1. for example
    2. for instance
    3. such as
    4. in particular
    5. specifically
    6. especially
    7. including
    8. that is
    9. in other words
    10. in fact

  6. Conceding something

    1. although
    2. even
    3. in spite of
    4. of course
    5. while it may be true that

  7. Showing cause and effect

    1. so
    2. though
    3. in spite of
    4. of course
    5. while it may be true that
    6. as a result
    7. in order to
    8. this is why
    9. hence
    10. for this reason
    11. accordingly
    12. seemingly
    13. conceivable

  8. speech qualifier

    1. up to a point
    2. so to speak
    3. to a certain point
    4. slightly
    5. partly
    6. more or less

  9. reference

  10. substitutes